kathy miller is a joshua tree and palms springs freelance photographer, painter, and artist, kathy miller. also photographs artworks and artists for web and catalog.
Now, you need to create a free
destination, and is home to some of the world's most famous and iconic wildlife
Amazon." "You can't say they are bad reviews because I would have never read them. I
they read." "I don't really read reviews. I've never read one." "I just go on Amazon
Published Online:25 Feb 2022https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2022.1353
We study the market for fake product reviews on Amazon.com. Reviews are purchased in large private groups on Facebook and other sites. We hand-collect data on these markets and then collect a panel of data on these products' ratings and reviews on Amazon, as well as their sales rank, advertising, and pricing policies. We find that a wide array of products purchase fake reviews, including products with many reviews and high average ratings. Buying fake reviews on Facebook is associated with a significant but short-term increase in average rating and number of reviews. We exploit a sharp but temporary policy shift by Amazon to show that rating manipulation has a large causal effect on sales. Finally, we examine whether rating manipulation harms consumers or whether it is mainly used by high-quality products in a manner like advertising or by new products trying to solve the cold-start problem. We find that after firms stop buying fake reviews, their average ratings fall and the share of one-star reviews increases significantly, particularly for young products, indicating rating manipulation is mostly used by low-quality products.
fastest way to make money on amazondo get paid for tiktok